توضیحات
Over time, with the advances in technology and the industrialization of societies, demand for electricity has been on the rise. Electricity, as one of the critical infrastructures in the social, economic, and political development of any country, plays a vital role in its social welfare and prosperity. The electricity industry is the basis of a wide range of activities and services that improve the quality of life and increase productivity in different sectors of the country. With economic development and increasing demand for electrical energy, planning to increase the power generation commensurate with the consumption and development of electricity grids in transmission and distribution levels is one of the main concerns of the power systems every country has faced.
With the increase in electricity consumption and the demand for higher quality consumable electricity, the power system industry has shifted to the use of new technologies that decreasing the distance between generation units and consumption demands. The growing trend of privatization, the competitiveness of the electricity market, and the conversion of large investors into small investors prompt the managers of the electricity industry to pay more attention to maximizing power generation and network equipment with maximum energy efficiency at minimum operating costs.
One of the hallmarks of the world’s electricity grids is the existence of vast networks of transmission of electricity from generating points to consumption centers. This grid layout causes many problems, such electrical power losses at long-distances and the threat of grid stability. The existence of distribution networks fed only by these transmission infrastructure always exposes them to possible instability and blackouts. One way to overcome these problems is to use island networks with locally generating units and resources. Power generation near the consumer site, in addition to reducing system losses, can provide more flexibility to provide different services to consumers.
Conversely, failure to connect local networks to the national grid in the absence or failure of accurate and efficient control systems may result in internal network instability, protection systems performance, or complete blackuots, which can cause significant imposed damage to both local generation system and demand complex. This highlights the need to carefully examine an island network from the perspective of a dynamic model and to provide possible solutions for its sustainable use. Island networks vary depending on the type and number of generating units, internal network topology, type, amount, and behavior of loads and the environmental conditions of the establishment, and thus each island network is exploited in its own unique operating conditions. Therefore, providing a solution to improve the response performance of one island network will not necessarily promote the dynamic stability of another network.
In this regard, this report first briefly examines the most important differences between the two types of local electricity networks (islanded or grid-connected) and the incentives that lead to island operating decisions. In the following, the reasons for the importance of precise dynamic modeling of the internal network in all three sectors of production, transmission, and distribution are discussed. Finally, the necessity of applying an integrated power management system based on the specific topology of each network is discussed.
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